For a brief introduction and guide to abbreviations, see Laboratory Tests: General Remarks.
Cancer antigen (CA) 19-9 [S/P]
Reference range, target level, or decision threshold
Method dependent!!!
Interpretation of results
↑ Pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, other malignancies (including colon, esophageal, and liver cancers), pancreatitis (including autoimmune), diseases of bile ducts, cirrhosis