Table 16.18-2. Selected medications/substances associated with psychosis

Analgesic

Opioids, NSAIDs

Anesthetic

Ketamine

Antibiotic

Isoniazid, ethambutol, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins

Anticholinergic

Atropine, benztropine, trihexyphenidyl, scopolamine

Antiepileptic

Zonisamide

Antimalarial

Mefloquine, chloroquine

Antiviral

Acyclovir, ganciclovir, efavirenz, nevirapine

Antiparkinsonian

Pramipexole, ropinirole, amantadine, selegiline, levodopa

Cardiovascular

Digoxin, quinidine, procainamide, beta-blockers

Drugs of abuse

Alcohol, benzodiazepines, cannabis, cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, LSD, opioids

Glucocorticoids

Prednisone, dexamethasone

Interferon

Interferon alpha

Muscle relaxants

Baclofen

OTC

Dextromethorphan, antihistamines

LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide; MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OTC, over the counter.