Echocardiography of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A (parasternal view), hypertrophy of the left ventricular posterior wall (PW) and interventricular septum (IVS); B (apical 4-chamber view), systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the anterior mitral leaflet (arrow)—displacement of the anterior leaflet during systole towards the IVS, which results in the obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract. Ao, aorta; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle. Panel B courtesy of Dr Beata Kuśmierczyk-Droszcz.