Low serum magnesium | |
Decreased intake or absorption |
– Decreased intake – Malabsorption (short bowel syndrome, steatorrhea, diarrhea, vomiting) |
Drugs |
– Diuretics (especially thiazides) – Proton pump inhibitors – Foscarnet, amphotericin B, aminoglycosides, pentamidine, rapamycin – Anticancer drugs (cisplatin, carboplatin) – Immunosuppressants (calcineurin inhibitors: tacrolimus, cyclosporine A) – EGRF inhibitors (cetuximab) |
Rare genetic disorders |
– Familial hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia (TRPM6 gene mutation) – Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (activating mutation in the CASR gene) – Familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis |
High serum magnesium | |
– Magnesium administration for eclampsia or preeclampsia – Intake in laxatives or cathartics – Metabolic syndromes (familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia) – Chronic kidney disease | |
EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor. |