|
Diagnosis |
pH |
PaCO2 |
HCO3− | |
|
Simple acid-base disorders | ||||
|
Respiratory acidosis | ||||
| Uncompensateda |
↓ |
↑ |
N | |
|
Partially compensateda |
↓ |
↑ |
↑ | |
|
Completely compensated respiratory acidosis or completely compensated metabolic alkalosisb |
N |
↑ |
↑ | |
|
Metabolic acidosis | ||||
| Uncompensated |
↓ |
N |
↓ | |
|
Partially compensated |
↓ |
↓ |
↓ | |
|
Completely compensated metabolic acidosis or completely compensated respiratory alkalosisb |
N |
↓ |
↓ | |
|
Respiratory alkalosis | ||||
| Uncompensateda |
↑ |
↓ |
N | |
|
Partially compensateda |
↑ |
↓ |
↓ | |
|
Metabolic alkalosis | ||||
| Uncompensated |
↑ |
N |
↑ | |
|
Partially compensated |
↑ |
↑ |
↑ | |
|
Mixed acid-base disordersc | ||||
|
Metabolic and respiratory acidosis |
↓ |
↑ |
↓ | |
|
Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis |
↑ |
↓ |
↑ | |
|
a In patients with respiratory disturbances, changes in pH and in PaCO2 develop in opposite directions. b These entities may be differentiated only on the basis of a complete clinical presentation. c In mixed acid-base disorders, changes in PaCO2 and in [HCO3−] develop in opposite directions. | ||||
|
↑, increased; ↓, decreased; N, normal; PaCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood. | ||||