Table 12.3-5. Selected common and specific adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs

Common CNS adverse effects (dose dependent): Sedation, dizziness, blurred vision, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, cognitive slowing

Possible substance-specific adverse effects (examples)

Carbamazepine

Hyponatremia

Lacosamide

Prolongation of AV conduction

Lamotrigine

Insomnia, severe skin reactions, possible effects on ECG

Levetiracetam

Aggressive affect, irritability

Oxcarbazepine

Hyponatremia

Phenytoin

Gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism

Pregabalin

Weight gain

Topiramate

Weight loss, cognitive slowing, nephrolithiasis

Valproic acid

Weight gain, polycystic ovaries, hyperammonemia, thrombocytopenia, hair loss

Zonisamide

Nephrolithiasis, weight loss

AV, atrioventricular; CNS, central nervous system; ECG, electrocardiography.