|
Cause |
Total Ca/iCa |
PO4 |
25(OH)D |
PTH |
|
Chronic Kidney Disease |
Low/normal |
High/very high |
Low/ normal |
High/very high |
|
Vitamin D insufficiency |
Low/normal |
Low/normal |
Low |
High |
|
Insufficient calcium intake |
Low/normal |
Normal |
Normal |
High |
|
Malabsorption |
Low/normal |
Low |
Low |
High |
|
Pseudohypoparathyroidism |
Low |
High |
Normal |
High |
|
25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; iCa, ionized calcium; PO4, phosphate; PTH, parathyroid hormone. |
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