Table 17.13-1. Key etiologic agents of work-related asthma and exposed occupational groups

Etiologic agents

Exposed occupational groups

High-molecular-weight agents (>5 kDa)

Flour and flour contaminants

Bakers, pastry cooks, millers, flour transport workers

Animal allergens

Farmers, animal breeders, employees of laboratory animal quarters and zoos, animal traders, veterinarians

Plant proteins

Greenhouse employees, farmers

Fungal spores

Farmers, persons working in moist environment, workers in the food industry, art restorers

Resins (particularly rosin)

Employees of electronic plants (especially solderers), string players

Natural rubber latex

Health-care personnel, people employed in the production of rubber items, people wearing latex gloves at work

Oilseeds

Vegetable oil producers

Wood dusts

Employees of the woodworking and furniture sector

Detergents, enzymes

Employees of washing powder and detergent production plants, laundry workers, employees of the food sector

Low-molecular-weight agents (≤5 kDa)

Diisocyanates

Polyurethane producers, persons using polyurethanes in production processes (furniture production, shoemaking, production of gaskets, floor coverings), car painters, persons employed in the production of plastics, persons working with sealants in the building industry

Metals and metal salts (platinum, nickel, chrome, cobalt)

Persons employed in chemical industry, those involved in metal refining, those working in galvanizing plants, in leather processing, in the production of knives and medical instruments, welders, construction workers

Dyes

Dye producers, persons who use dyes (furniture and textile industry)

Persulfates, henna

Hairdressers

Disinfectants

Health-care personnel, those employed in agriculture, fishing industry, and chemical and pulp and paper industries

Acid anhydrides

Persons employed in the chemical sector in the production of dyes and polyester and formaldehyde resins, plastic processing, pharmaceutical production, manufacturing of insecticides, steel industry

Amines and acrylic compounds (adhesives, varnish primers, bone void fillers, dentures and bridges)

Construction workers, dental technicians, nurses and dental assistants, dentists, orthopedists, model makers