Etiologies of proximal (type 2) renal tubular acidosis and Fanconi syndrome

Table 11.10-6. Etiologies of proximal (type 2) renal tubular acidosis and Fanconi syndrome
Familial	Cystinosisa, Wilson disease, hereditary fructose intolerance, tyrosinemia, galactosemia, Lowe disease, Dent disease
Dysproteinemias	Multiple myeloma (LCDD)a, amyloidosis
Drugs	Acetazolamidea, topiramate, NRTIs (tenofovira, adefovir, didanosine, lamivudine), chemotherapeutics (ifosfamide, platinum-based chemotherapy)
Heavy metals	Leada, mercury, copper (Wilson disease)
Tubulointerstitial diseases	Renal transplant, Balkan/Chinese herb nephropathy (aristolochic acid toxicity), medullary cystic kidney disease
Other	Vitamin D deficiency
Familial causes are more prevalent among the pediatric population but can remain undiagnosed until later in life.
a The more common etiologies.
LCDD, light chain deposition disease; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.