Initial differentiation between cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema

Table 3.8-1. Initial differentiation between cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
Clinical features	Pulmonary edema
Clinical features	Cardiogenic	Noncardiogenic
Skin (extremities)	Cold	Usually warm
Gallop	Present	Usually absent
Electrocardiography	Features of myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction	Usually normal
Chest radiography	Hilar pulmonary venous congestion and edema	Initially peripheral pulmonary venous congestion and edema
Blood levels of cardiac troponins	May be increased	Usually normal