Drug class

Signs and symptoms of discontinuation syndrome

Antidepressants (eg, citalopram, venlafaxine)

Influenza-like symptoms, insomnia, nausea, imbalance, sensory disturbance, hyperarousal

Antipsychotics (eg, quetiapine, risperidone)a

Agitation, insomnia, hallucination, anxiety, depression, tachycardia, nausea, tremor, confusion, hypothermia, sweating

Proton pump inhibitors (eg, omeprazole)

Rebound acid hypersecretion, indigestion, heartburn, regurgitation

Antimuscarinic urinary incontinence agents (eg, oxybutynin)

Blurred vision, diarrhea, irritability, tachycardia, anxiety, depression, psychosis, confusion, nausea

Alpha-blockers (eg, clonidine)

Respiratory tract infection, urinary retention, hypertension

Beta-blockers

Rebound tachycardia, hypertension

Glucocorticoids (eg, prednisone)

Lethargy, general malaise, arthralgia, headaches, mood swings, emotional lability

a Most withdrawal symptoms start within 4 weeks after abrupt antipsychotic discontinuation and may subside after up to 4 weeks. Hyperkinesia may last for months.Evidence 5Low Quality of Evidence (low confidence that we know true effects of intervention). Quality of Evidence lowered due to the risk of bias and inconsistency. Brandt L, Bschor T, Henssler J, et al. Antipsychotic Withdrawal Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:569912. Published 2020 Sep 29. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.569912.