|
|
Duration |
Onset |
Time to peak |
Peak effect |
Pregnancy risk factor | |
|
Oral agents | ||||||
|
Biguanides: Metformin |
|
|
|
|
B | |
|
Immediate-release |
4-9 h |
– |
2-3 h |
– |
| |
|
Extended-release |
|
– |
7 h |
– |
| |
|
Sulfonylureas |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Glyburide |
<24 h |
– |
2-4 h |
– |
B/C | |
|
Insulin | ||||||
|
Rapid-acting |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Lispro |
– |
15-30 min |
– |
0.5-3 h |
Not assigned | |
|
Aspart |
– |
12-30 min |
– |
1-2 h |
Not assigned | |
|
Glulisine |
– |
4 min |
– |
0.5-1.5 h |
C | |
|
Regular |
– |
15-30 min |
– |
2.5-5 h |
B | |
|
Intermediate-acting |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
NPH |
10-12 h |
1-2 h |
– |
4-12 h |
B | |
|
Long-acting |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Detemir |
24 h |
3-4 h |
– |
3-9 h |
B | |
|
Glargine |
24 h |
3-4 h |
– |
No peak |
Not assigned | |
|
Degludec |
42 h |
1 h |
– |
No peak |
Not assigned | |
|
B: Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. C: Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks. | ||||||
|
NPH, insulin isophane (intermediate-acting human insulin). | ||||||