Effects of medical states, other drugs, and antihypertensive agents on the ARR

Table 6.1-2. Effects of medical states, other drugs, and antihypertensive agents on the ARR
False-positive results	– Aging – CKD – Beta-blockers – Central alpha2 agonists (clonidine, methyldopa) – NSAIDs – Birth control pills
False-negative results	– Hypokalemia – Pregnancy – Diuretics – ACEIs – ARBs – Ca2+ blockers (DHP) – Direct renin inhibitors
Neutral	– Alpha1 blockers (doxazosin, terazosin, prazosin) – Long-acting nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (verapamil and diltiazem) – Hydralazine
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARR, aldosterone-to-renin ratio; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DHP, dihydropyridine; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.