Table 16.10-5. Dosing of common first-line medications shown to be effective in treating major depression

Medication

Starting dose (mg/d)

Usual dose (mg/d)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Citalopram

10-20

20-40

Escitalopram

5-10

10-20

Fluoxetine

10-20

20-60

Paroxetine

10-20

20-50

Sertraline

25-50

50-200

Fluvoxamine

25-50

50-300

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

Desvenlafaxine

50

50-100

Venlafaxine, extended release (XR)

37.5-75

75-375

Duloxetine

30-60

60-120

Levomilnacipran

20-40

40-120

Milnacipran

12.5

50-200

Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants

Mirtazapine

15

15-45

Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor

Bupropion, sustained release (SR)

150

300-400

Bupropion HCl, extended release (XL)

150

300-450

Serotonin modulators and stimulators

Vilazodone

10-20

20-40

Vortioxetine

10

10-20

For some of these medications (such as tricyclic antidepressants), the upper dosing limit reflects risk of toxicity or need for plasma level assessment, whereas others (such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) can be used safely at higher doses in general adult population.

Older adult patients, patients with anxiety disorders, patients with liver disease or other systemic medical comorbidities should receive a lower starting dose.

Starting doses should be increased gradually until therapeutic dose is reached or the patient achieves remission. Maximum recommended doses of some medications may be lower in older adults due to the risk of adverse effects.

HCl, hydrochloride.