Table 7.2-1. Simplified staging of rectal and colon cancers and 5-year survival rates.

Stage

TNM classification

Description

5-year survival

0

Tis, N0, M0

Restricted to mucosa

100%

I

T1-T2, N0, M0

Tumor not extending beyond the muscular layer of the bowel

85%-100%

II

T3-T4, N0, M0

Tumor extending beyond the bowel wall

50%-80%

III

T1-T4, N1-N2, M0

Lymphatic spread

30%-60%

IV

T1-T4, N0-N2, M1

Distant metastases

10%-25%

TNM, tumor, node, metastasis.