Parameters

Values typical for HHS

Blood glucose level

≥33.3 mmol/L (600 mg/dL)

pH

>7.30

Serum bicarbonate level

>15 mmol/L

Urine/serum ketones

 Absent or trace

Effective serum osmolalitya

>320 mOsm/kg H2Ob

Level of consciousness

Stupor/coma

Anion gap

Variable

a Effective serum osmolality = [2 × Na (mmol/L)] + [glucose (mmol/L)] or [2 × Na (mEq/L)] + [glucose (mg/dL)/18]

b Reference range: 280 to 300 mOsm/kg H2O.