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Siglas y abreviaturas: AAS — ácido acetilsalicílico, AVK — antagonista de la vitamina K, EP — embolismo pulmonar, ETV — enfermedad tromboembólica venosa, HBPM — heparina de bajo peso molecular, HNF — heparina no fraccionada, RCT — prueba controlada aleatorizada, TVP — trombosis venosa profunda
Nota: la selección de las publicaciones abarca el período incluido entre el 01.01.2015 y el 17.04.2016.
Riesgo de ETV en enfermos con neoplasias malignas
Las complicaciones venosas trombóticas (TVP, EP, trombosis de la vena esplénica, de las venas de extremidades superiores u otras venas) ocurren entre un 4-20 % de enfermos con neoplasias malignas. Es la segunda causa más frecuente de muerte en este grupo de pacientes, tras la propia neoplasia, y su aparición empeora considerablemente el pronóstico.12 La incidencia de ETV en pacientes con enfermedad neoplásica activa es 4-8 veces mayor que en la población general. También el riesgo de recurrencia de la trombosis es mayor, incluso si se administra un tratamiento adecuado.
Bibliografía:
(...)9. Lee A.Y., Levine M.N., Baker R.I. y cols.: "Randomized comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin versus oral anticoagulant therapy for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer (CLOT) Investigators: low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer", N. Engl. J. Med., 2003; 349: 146-153.
10. Lee A.Y., Kamphuisen P.W., Meyer G. y cols., "CATCH Investigators: Tinzaparin vs warfarin for treatment of acute venous thromboembolism in patients with active cancer: a randomized clinical trial", JAMA, 2015, 314: 677-686.
11. Kyrle P.A., "How I treat recurrent deep-vein thrombosis", Blood, 2016, 127: 696-702.
12. Khorana A.A., "Venous thromboembolism and prognosis in cancer", Thromb. Res., 2010, 125: 490-493.
13. Khorana A.A., "Cancer-associated thrombosis: updates and controversies", Hematology Am. Soc. Hematol. Edu. Program, 2012, 626-630.
14. O’Connell C., Razavi P., Ghalichi M. y cols., "Unsuspected pulmonary emboli adversely impact survival in patients with cancer undergoing routine staging multi-row detector computed tomography scanning", J. Thromb. Haemost., 2011, 9: 305-311.
15. Khorana A.A., Carrier M., Garcia D.A., Lee A.Y.Y., "Guidance for the prevention and treatment of cancer-associatted venous thromboembolism", Thromb. Thrombolysis, 2016, 41: 81-91.
16. Vedovati M.C., Germini F., Agnelli G., Becattini C., "Direct oral anticoagulants in patients with VTE and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", Chest, 2015, 147: 475-483.
17. Murchison J.T., Wylie L., Stockton D.L., "Excess risk of cancer in patients with primary venous thromboembolism: a national, population-based cohort study", Br. J. Cancer, 2004, 91: 92-95.
18. Carrier M., Lazo-Langner A., Shivakumar S. y cols., "SOME Investigators: Screening for Occult Cancer in Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism", N. Engl. J. Med., 2015, 373: 697-704.
19. Watson H.G., Keeling D.M., Laffan M. y cols., "British Committee for Standards in Haematology: Guideline on aspects of cancer-related venous thrombosis", Brit. J. Haematol., 2015, 170: 640-648.
20. Glund S., Stangier J., Schmohl M. y cols., "Idarucizumab, a specific antidote for dabigatran: immediate, complete and sustained reversal of dabigatran induced anticoagulation in elderly and renally impaired subjects", Blood, 2014, 124: 344 (abstr.).
21. Glund S., Moschetti V., Norris S. y cols., "A randomised study in healthy volunteers to investigate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of idarucizumab, a specific antidote to dabigatran", Thromb. Haemost., 2015, 113: 943-951.
22. Glund S., Stangier J., Schmohl M. y cols., "Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of idarucizumab for the reversal of the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran in healthy male volunteers: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 1 trial", Lancet, 2015, 386: 680-690.
23. Pollack C.V. Jr, Reilly P.A., Eikelboom J. y cols., "Idarucizumab for dabigatran reversal", N. Engl. J. Med., 2015, 373: 511-520.
24. Siegal D.M., Curnutte J.T., Connolly S.J. y cols., "Andexanet alfa for the reversal of factor Xa inhibitor activity", N. Engl. J. Med., 2015, 373: 511-520.
25. Siegal D.M., Curnutte J.T., Connolly S.J. y cols., "Andexanet alfa for the reversal of factor Xa inhibitor activity", N. Engl. J. Med., 2015, 373: 2471-2472.
26. Connors J.M., "Antidote for Factor Xa Anticoagulant", N. Engl. J. Med., 2015, 373: 2413-2424.
27. Ansell J.E., Bakhru S.H., Laulicht B.E. y cols., "Use of PER977 to reverse the anticoagulant effect of edoxaban", N. Engl. J. Med., 2014, 371: 2141-2142.
28. Costin J.C., Bakhru S., Steiner S., "PER977 reverses low molecular weight heparin in addition to IIa and Xa new oral anticoagulants", J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2015, 65: A2056 (abstr.).
