Szajewska H., “Probiotyki – aktualny stan wiedzy i zalecenia dla praktyki klinicznej”, Med. Prakt., 2017, 7-8: 19-37.
Nota del editor: El artículo se basa en una ponencia presentada durante la 16.a Conferencia Nacional Formativa de la Sociedad Polaca de Medicina Internista “Avances en la medicina interna” (Interna 2017).
Siglas y abreviaturas: ACG — American Gastroenterological Society (Sociedad Estadounidense de Gastroenterología), ESPGHAN — European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (Sociedad Europea de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica), IC — intervalo de confianza, RCT (randomized controlled trial) — prueba controlada aleatorizada, RR — riesgo relativo
Métodos para la modificación de la microbiota
Reconocer el papel de la microbiota en el mantenimiento de la salud y en la patogénesis de muchas enfermedades hace que en la actualidad la modificación de la microbiota tenga un gran interés. En la composición de la microbiota influyen:7
1) probióticos (véanse nuestros artículos sobre probióticos que se publicarán en las próximas semanas)
2) prebióticos: son componentes alimentarios no digeribles, como por ejemplo fructooligosacáridos e inulina, que estimulan de manera selectiva el desarrollo y/o la actividad de uno o de un grupo limitado de cepas de bacterias en el intestino grueso y, por lo tanto, ejercen una influencia positiva en la salud humana
3) simbióticos: son probióticos y prebióticos utilizados conjuntamente
4) antibióticos no absorbibles en el tracto digestivo (p. ej. neomicina, rifaximina)
5) trasplante (transferencia) de microbiota gastrointestinal.
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