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Conclusiones
Los métodos contemporáneos de TA pueden suponer una alternativa a los tratamientos convencionales de las lesiones focales benignas sintomáticas de tiroides. Antes de elegir una técnica de TA, hay que explicarle al paciente sus ventajas e inconvenientes y descartar que la lesión sea maligna. La TA reduce el volumen de la lesión y alivia los síntomas locales sin riesgo de las complicaciones asociadas a la cirugía convencional ni hipotiroidismo yatrogénico. En los pacientes con NTA, el tratamiento de elección sigue siendo el RAI, aunque la TA puede ser un método alternativo en personas más jóvenes, debido al menor riesgo de desarrollar hipotiroidismo, y la posibilidad de evitar la radiación. La TA se puede llevar a cabo en los casos de recurrencia después de una ablación con etanol y cuando, después de extirpar la lesión, quede una parte sólida residual grande. En la actualidad, la TAL y la ARF poseen la eficacia y la seguridad mejor documentadas, mientras que es necesario seguir estudiando la AMO y el HIFU.
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