How to Cite This Chapter: Don-Wauchope A, Chetty VT, Ivica J, Kavsak P, Khan WI, Lafreniere M, Nouri K, Solnica B. Cortisol. McMaster Textbook of Internal Medicine. Kraków: Medycyna Praktyczna. https://empendium.com/mcmtextbook/chapter/B31.1269.3.7.158. Accessed December 05, 2025.
Last Reviewed: May 9, 2022
Last Updated: May 9, 2022
Chapter Information
McMaster Textbook of Internal Medicine Editorial Offices
Editorial Office (Canada)
Authors: Andrew Don-Wauchope, Vasudhevan T. Chetty, Joško Ivica, Peter Kavsak, Waliul I. Khan, Matthew Lafreniere, Kazem Nouri
Editorial Office (Poland)
Authors: Bogdan Solnica
For a brief introduction and guide to abbreviations, see Laboratory Tests: General Remarks.
Analyte [material]
Cortisol [S/P/U24h/SA]
Reference range, target level, or decision threshold
[S/P] 138-690 nmol/L (5-25 microg/dL) in the morning
[U] 220-330 nmol/24 h (80-120 microg/24 h) (depending on method)
[SA] 0.3-4.3 nmol/L (10.9-156 ng/dL) in late evening
Interpretation of results
↑ Overactive adrenal glands (usually Cushing syndrome)
↓ Adrenal insufficiency
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