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For a brief introduction and guide to abbreviations, see Laboratory Tests: General Remarks.
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) [S/P]
Reference range, target level, or decision threshold
<40 IU/L
There are age- and sex-specific reference intervals for ALT and AST.CW
Interpretation of results
↑ ≤15 ×, AST/ALT <1: Chronic viral hepatitis type B or C, acute viral hepatitis A-E, acute EBV or CMV hepatitis, hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis (fatty liver disease), hereditary hemochromatosis, drug-induced or toxic liver injury, autoimmune hepatitis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease, celiac disease
↑≤15 ×, AST/ALT >1: Alcoholic liver disease, hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis (fatty liver disease), liver cirrhosis, hemolysis, myopathies, MI, thyroid diseases, exercise, macro-AST (clinically insignificant)
>15 ×: Acute viral hepatitis A-E, HSV hepatitis, drug-induced or toxic liver injury, acute hepatic ischemia (hepatic artery occlusion, shock), autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson disease, hepatic vein thrombosis (Budd-Chiari syndrome)
