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Ejercicios aeróbicos y la influencia en las lipoproteínas - página 2

25.10.2021
Wpływ wysiłku fizycznego na lipoproteiny
Anita Kaczmarek (MD), Aleksandra Uruska (MD, PhD)

Se considera que el EA reduce la concentración de TG en plasma, pero las investigaciones han demostrado una relación entre la concentración inicial de TG y la concentración de TG tras el ejercicio.12 Cuando los participantes en el ensayo presentaron una concentración inicial de TG baja, después de los ejercicios solo se produjo una pequeña reducción. Cuando la concentración de TG fue grande al principio del ensayo, la reducción fue significativa. Por lo tanto, la concentración inicial de TG puede ser un factor clave para la respuesta de los TG al ejercicio.12

El mecanismo de acción del EA sobre los lípidos todavía no se conoce bien. Sin embargo, es posible que esté causado por la actividad de la lipoproteína lipasa (LPL), que es responsable de los quilomicrones y la hidrólisis de las VLDL y el triacilglicerol (TAG).19 Esto se puede deber a un aumento del aclaramiento de lipoproteínas ricas en TG, asociado al ejercicio e inducido por la LPL, al mismo tiempo que disminuye la síntesis hepática.20 Los estudios han demostrado que el EA también puede aumentar la expresión del transportador de casete de unión a ATP A-1 (ABCA1), lo que influye en la formación de C-HDL en plasma.12 Los ejercicios pudieron aumentar el nivel de expresión de los receptores hepáticos X y el ABCA1 para incrementar la concentración de C-HDL en plasma, por medio de una mejoría del proceso de transporte reverso de colesterol.12 Dicho proceso pudo haber sido impulsado por un aumento del reciclaje pre-C-HDL a partir de los sustratos de C-HDL causados por el ejercicio.15 Fue necesario analizar la proproteína convertasa subtilisina/kexina tipo 9 (PCSK9) y la proteína de unión al elemento regulador de esteroles tipo 2 (SREBP2). Puede existir una relación entre la reducción de la concentración de lípidos inducida por el ejercicio y el aumento de actividad de la PCSK912.

En resumen, el EA puede mejorar el perfil lipídico mediante un aumento de la concentración de C-HDL y las moléculas grandes de C-LDL, y mediante una reducción de la concentración de las moléculas pequeñas de C-LDL y TG.

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